Day by day Artificial Intelligence (AI) use and advancement increase therefore scientists use the power of Artificial Intelligence to discover our Universe’s original settings. This discovery might revolutionize our understanding of the cosmos.
Scientists from the Flatiron Institute’s Center for Computational Astrophysics (CCA) in New York City have used AI to determine five key cosmological parameters. These five parameters describe our entire universe in computer simulations with extraordinary accuracy. These parameters as the universe’s “settings” also show how it operates on the largest scales.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Astronomy
As AI evolves people use AI as time passes and create deepfake images and videos. However, astronomers are using AI to make important discoveries in astronomy. Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) observed 100,000 galaxies, and then the team at CCA used AI to analyze these observed data. SDSS observed data is important for understanding the universe.
Cosmological parameters play an important role in describing the universe’s large-scale structure. These parameters include the density of ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy. These parameters also include the conditions immediately after the Big Bang such as the Universe’s opacity and clumpiness.
AI’s Unique Approach
Our traditional methods estimate these parameters by looking at the distribution of galaxies on large scales. However, the CCA team’s AI approach analyzed small-scale details in the galaxy distribution. The small-scale method has never been done before, as previous work only focused on large-scale.
“For a couple of years now, we’ve known that there’s additional information there; we just didn’t have a good way of extracting it,” said Princeton astronomer and lead author Chang Hoon Hahn.
Surveys like SDSS cost hundreds of millions to billions of dollars. These surveys help us better understand cosmological parameters. CCA astronomer and co-author Shirley Ho said these parameters are worth millions of dollars each. So, it is important to extract all knowledge as much as possible and push the boundaries of our understanding of the universe.
The researchers trained their AI system on 2,000 models of box-shaped universes. Each model had different cosmological settings and fitted data to reflect real-time observation limitations.
The AI system estimated the cosmological parameters with high precision. It gives a result for the universe’s matter clumping with less than half the uncertainty of previous results. This precision could help us resolve one of the tricky problems in the field, the Hubble tension.
The Hubble Tension
The Hubble tension refers to the discrepancy between the universe’s expansion rate as measured by different methods. Solving this tension is essential for a unified understanding of the cosmos. The AI’s accuracy estimates of cosmological parameters could be the key to solving this mystery.
This AI-powered method, called Simulation-Based Inference of Galaxies (SimBIG), is an important step forward in AI astronomy. It demonstrates AI’s potential to refine our understanding of the universe’s settings.
